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The Assam Legislative Assembly has got a unicameral structure and houses 126 members. The Assam Assembly elections take place every 5 years. The Assam Legislative Assembly is controlled by the Speaker. The speaker is generally the elected member of the ruling party. In 1990, Assam came under the direct rule of the central government. The political parties in the Assam Legislative Assembly are Asom Gana Parishad (AGP), Asom Gana Parishad (Progressive) (AGPP), Autonomous State Demand Committee (ASDC), Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), Bodo People's Progressive Front (BPPF), Communist Party of India (CPI), Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM), Indian National Congress (Congress), Purbanchaliya Loka Parishad (PLP), Trinamul Gana Parishad (TGP) and United Minority Front (UMF).
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The Assam Legislative Assembly was formed on April 7, 1937. The assembly was initiated in the Assembly Chamber at Shillong. Initially, the Assam Legislative Assembly housed 108 elected members. The Legislative Council (Upper House) had at least 21 members and a maximum of 22 members. After the partition of India, Assam’s Sylhet district was given to the then East Pakistan and the strength of the Assembly was revised. However, after India’s Independence in 1947, the assembly was granted the permission to accommodate 108 members instead of 71.
According to Article 172, the duration of State Legislative Assembly is 5 years. However, due to the 1975 National Emergency imposition, the fifth Assam Legislative Assembly continued for 6 years. Since its inception, the Assam Legislative Assembly has had 16 Speakers. Late Babu Basanta Kumar Das was the first speaker of the assembly.
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The Governor of Assam is Lt Gen (Retd) Ajai Singh. Shri Tanka Bahadur Rai is the present speaker of the Assam Legislative Assembly. The chief minister of Assam is Shri Tarun Gogoi. Smti Pranati Phukan happens to be the deputy speaker in the assembly. The leader of opposition is Shri Chandra Mohan Patowary. The secretary of the assembly house is Shri Gauranga Prasad Das.
The Assam Legislative Committees include Business Advisory Committee, Committee on Public Accounts, Committee on Estimates, Committee on Public Undertakings, Committee on Welfare of Scheduled Castes & Scheduled Tribes, Committee on Welfare of Other Backward Classes & More Other Backward Classes and Employment Review Committee.
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Since the independence of India, Congress enjoyed the power in Assam till 1978. After that, the Janata Party government took over the state. However, the Government lasted for less than 2 years, and the Congress regained its power and ruled the state till 1985. The next phase marked the emergence and prominence of AGP. Assam witnessed an interesting tussle between Congress and AGP since 1985. AGP has proved itself to be quite a strong opposition to Congress and vice versa. Both the parties are taking over the state by rotation. Congress managed to win the last assembly election in April 2006.
As per the last election results, that is the Assam Assembly Elections held in 2006, Indian National Congress (INC) was in the leading position followed by Asom Gana Parishad (Progressive) (AGPP). The INC won 28 seats in the assembly elections leaving behind Asom Gana Parishad with only 12 seats. Next in the sequence were the Bharatiya Janata Party and Assam United Democratic Front winning 7 seats each. The Communist Party of India (Marxist) could secure only 2 seats. The Communist Party Of India, Autonomous State Demand Committee, and Asam Gana Parishad(Pragtisheel) won 1 seat each in the assembly.
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